Good question, we don’t know yet, but we’re still working on it 🙂 Imagine how much we’ve learned in the last 100 years alone (we didn’t know about other galaxies, what matter was made of, etc), so perhaps the answer to this will come in the next 100 years.
There are lots of people working on it at the moment though, it’s one of the really big picture questions that scientists all over the world are trying to find an answer to!
We are not sure! One idea is that before the Big Bang there was something called the Big Crunch — basically, that’s the Big Bang but seen in reverse (like watching a movie backwards). But this theory is not well supported by the observations we can make of the moments after the big bang.
In reality, we don’t know what happens at t=0, that’s when the Big Bang goes off. Perhaps, time didn’t even exist before the big bang, so then it would not make sense to even talk about what existed “before” — since the very idea of before didn’t exist before the Big Bang (if that makes sense!)
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